Microneedle Arrays for Sampling and Sensing Skin Interstitial Fluid

Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is a novel source of biomarkers that can be considered as an alternative to blood sampling for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, in vivo extraction analysis ISF are challenging. On the other hand, microneedle (MN) technology address most challenges associated with dermal well suited long-term, continuous monitoring situ detection. In this review, we first briefly summarise different collection methods compare them MN methods. Next, elaborate on design considerations biocompatibility MNs. Subsequently, fabrication technologies various MNs used extraction, including solid MNs, hollow porous hydrogel thoroughly explained. addition, sensing mechanisms detection discussed detail. identify propose possible solutions extraction. A detailed investigation provided transport mechanism vivo. Also, current vitro skin model integrated arrays discussed. Finally, future directions develop point-of-care (POC) device sample proposed.